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Farmacoterapia per smettere di fumare

Farmacoterapia per smettere di fumare

ANSHUMAN JAMDADE / KANISHKA SINGH / SATYAPAL YADAV

102,76 €
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Editorial:
KS OmniScriptum Publishing
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Odontología
ISBN:
9786202329514
102,76 €
IVA incluido
Disponible
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Ironia della sorte, il tabacco è passato da pianta medicinale a una grave crisi di salute pubblica. La nicotina, il suo componente principale, crea una forte dipendenza, rendendo fondamentale la cessazione del fumo. Il counseling è efficace, ma ha più successo se combinato con la farmacoterapia, che quasi raddoppia i tassi di cessazione. Gli studi clinici confermano l’efficacia e la sicurezza di trattamenti di prima linea come la terapia sostitutiva della nicotina (NRT), il bupropione e la vareniclina, nonché di opzioni di seconda linea come la clonidina e la nortriptilina. La NRT, il trattamento più accessibile, allevia i sintomi dell’astinenza e favorisce la cessazione. La scelta della NRT dipende dalle esigenze individuali, con opzioni a dosi più elevate da preferire per i fumatori altamente dipendenti. Il bupropione migliora la cessazione, in particolare per i soggetti motivati, ma presenta controindicazioni, tra cui le malattie cardiovascolari gravi. La vareniclina, studiata specificamente per la cessazione del fumo, aumenta significativamente i tassi di abbandono e riduce il desiderio. Sia le opzioni NRT che quelle non NRT richiedono prescrizioni e possono essere costose, ma l’obiettivo finale è prevenire le ricadute. La ricaduta precoce è comune, soprattutto tra i soggetti affetti da depressione o dipendenza da alcol, per i quali il bupropione si rivela utile.

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